Synthesis Using Preposition before Noun/Gerund – Rules, Examples & Exercises
Welcome to English Rath! For Class 12 UP Board and CBSE students, mastering sentence synthesis using prepositions before nouns or gerunds is essential for acing English grammar in board exams. This guide provides rules, a preposition chart, examples, and exercises to help you create concise, high-scoring answers. Download our free Preposition before Noun/Gerund PDF Guide below to boost your preparation!
What is a Gerund?
A gerund is the -ing form of a verb that functions as a noun.
Examples: working, reading, moving.
What is a Preposition?
A preposition shows the relationship between two ideas.
Common Prepositions: by, for, in, on, without, in spite of, after, besides.
Method of Combining Sentences
Step 1: Identify one sentence as the main sentence.
Step 2: Convert the second sentence into a noun or gerund.
Step 3: Join them using a suitable preposition.
Rules of Synthesis Using Prepositions
Rule 1: By + Gerund (Method / तरीका)
Example: He worked hard. He won a prize. → He won a prize by working hard.
Rule 2: For + Noun (Reason / कारण)
Example: I bought a book. I spent 20 rupees. → I bought a book for 20 rupees.
Rule 3: In + Noun (State / अवस्था)
Example: His house was searched. He was absent. → His house was searched in his absence.
Rule 4: On + Gerund (Time / तुरंत बाद)
Example: She heard the news. She fainted. → On hearing the news, she fainted.
Rule 5: In spite of + Noun/Gerund (Contrast / बावजूद)
Example: He failed many times. He still hopes. → In spite of failing many times, he still hopes.
Rule 6: Without + Gerund (Absence / बिना)
Example: The hermit sat. He did not move or speak. → The hermit sat without moving or speaking.
Quick Preposition Chart
| Relation | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Method (तरीका) | By + Gerund | He won by working hard. |
| Reason (कारण) | For + Noun | I bought it for ₹20. |
| State (अवस्था) | In + Noun | Searched in his absence. |
| Time (तुरंत बाद) | On + Gerund | She fainted on hearing the news. |
| After (बाद में) | After + Gerund | He slept after eating. |
| Contrast (विरोध) | In spite of + Noun/Gerund | Hoped in spite of failures. |
| Absence (बिना) | Without + Gerund | Passed without reading. |
| Addition (अतिरिक्त) | Besides + Gerund | Helped besides teaching. |
| Deadline (सीमा) | By + Noun | Finished by sunrise. |
Worked Examples
- He worked hard. He passed the exam. → He passed the exam by working hard.
- She heard the news. She began to cry. → On hearing the news, she began to cry.
- The thief was caught. He was running away. → The thief was caught while running away.
- He gave me a book. He gave me a pen also. → He gave me a book besides giving me a pen.
- The sun rose. The farmer went to his field. → The farmer went to his field after sunrise.
Exercise – Join Sentences Using Preposition + Noun/Gerund
- He worked hard. He passed the exam.
- She heard the news. She began to cry.
- The thief was caught. He was running away.
- He gave me a book. He gave me a pen also.
- The sun rose. The farmer went to his field.
- Ramesh failed in the test. He did not lose hope.
- The boy was absent. His name was cut from the register.
- He entered the room. He took off his shoes.
- I bought a shirt. I paid five hundred rupees.
- He did not read at all. He passed the test.
Share your answers in the comments below to get feedback and improve your UP Board and CBSE Class 12 English grammar skills!
Answer Key
- He passed the exam by working hard.
- On hearing the news, she began to cry.
- The thief was caught while running away.
- He gave me a book besides giving me a pen.
- The farmer went to his field after sunrise.
- In spite of failing in the test, Ramesh did not lose hope.
- In the boy’s absence, his name was cut from the register.
- On entering the room, he took off his shoes.
- I bought a shirt for five hundred rupees.
- He passed the test without reading at all.
FAQs on Synthesis Using Preposition + Noun/Gerund
What is a gerund in sentence synthesis?
A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun, combined with prepositions to create simple sentences in Class 12 UP and CBSE Board grammar.
How do prepositions help in UP and CBSE Board exams?
Prepositions with nouns or gerunds form concise sentences, improving scores in UP Board and CBSE Class 12 English grammar sections.
Which prepositions are used in sentence synthesis?
Common prepositions include by, for, in, on, without, in spite of, after, besides for Class 12 grammar.
Where can I download a synthesis guide for prepositions?
Download our free Preposition + Noun/Gerund Guide PDF below for UP and CBSE Board preparation.
Conclusion
Mastering sentence synthesis using prepositions with nouns or gerunds is key to excelling in Class 12 UP and CBSE Board exams. Practice the rules, chart, and exercises above to write concise, impactful answers. Visit English Rath for more grammar lessons, and check our guides on Noun Apposition, Infinitives, and Adverbs. Download the free PDF below and share your feedback in the comments to ace your board exams!
Tags: Synthesis using Prepositions, Preposition with Gerunds, English Grammar Class 12, UP Board Grammar Notes, CBSE Grammar, Preposition Rules in Synthesis, Gerund Examples in English, Class 12 English Grammar, UP Board Class 12, CBSE Class 12
